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长沙博物馆|商礼重器 南楚青铜:兽面纹铜爵

  • 2026-03-25 15:09:50
长沙博物馆|商礼重器 南楚青铜:兽面纹铜爵
🔍 基本信息
- 年代：商代（公元前17世纪—公元前11世纪）
- 出土地：湖南省宁乡县
- 馆藏：长沙博物馆
- 器型：青铜爵，商周时期典型的青铜礼器
⚙️ 工艺顶尖
1. 器型结构：遵循商代铜爵的经典形制：前有长流（倒酒的槽状口），后有尖尾（平衡器身），口沿立双柱（伞状柱顶，部分饰涡纹），深腹圜底，下承三棱锥状三足（便于架火温酒），腹侧设鋬（pàn，执握的把手）。
2. 纹饰工艺：腹部以云雷纹为地，主纹为商代标志性的兽面纹（饕餮纹），纹样威严神秘，线条清晰，体现了商代青铜铸造的高超水准；采用范铸法一体成型，器型规整，纹饰细节完整。
3. 地域工艺：作为湖南宁乡出土的商代青铜器，是南方青铜文化的代表，印证了商代南方地区已具备成熟的青铜铸造技术，与中原青铜文明形成交流与融合。
📌 功能明确
1. 实用功能：核心用途为温酒、饮酒器，是商代贵族宴饮、祭祀时的专用酒具；三足设计可直接架于炭火上温酒，长流便于倾倒酒液。
2. 礼器功能：是商代礼乐制度的核心载体，用于祭祀、朝聘、宴飨等重大礼仪场合，是贵族身份与等级的象征，“爵”的形制与数量直接对应使用者的爵位等级。
3. 文化功能：兽面纹承载着商代人沟通天地、祭祀祖先的宗教信仰，是“器以载礼”的典型代表。
🏛️ 历史地位
1. 地域文明实证：宁乡是商代南方青铜文化的核心出土地（如四羊方尊、象纹大铙均出土于此），此爵是研究商代湖南地区青铜文明、南北文化交流的重要实物资料。
2. 礼制文明见证：完整保留了商代青铜礼器的形制与纹饰，是研究商代社会等级、祭祀制度、手工业技术的核心物证。
3. 艺术价值标杆：造型舒展、纹饰精美，是商代青铜艺术的经典范式，体现了中国早期青铜文明的最高审美与工艺水平。
💡 补充小知识

- 青铜爵是中国最早出现的青铜礼器之一，流行于夏商周三代，秦汉后逐渐演变为“爵位”的代称，成为身份地位的文化符号。

- 宁乡出土的商代青铜器群，被学界称为“宁乡铜器群”，是商代南方青铜文明的巅峰代表，与中原殷墟青铜器形成南北辉映。

（文中图片拍摄于2026年1月30日）

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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000552s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=e460;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000789s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000315s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000282s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000628s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000247s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000742s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 497311 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.005019s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1774429728 WHERE `id` = 497311 [ RunTime:0.017882s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000296s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 497311 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001254s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 497311 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000646s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 497311 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.019791s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 497311 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.010236s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 497311 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.015008s ]
0.142936s