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长沙博物馆|汉玉典范 楚风融韵:蒲纹玉璧

  • 2026-04-13 23:20:29
长沙博物馆|汉玉典范 楚风融韵:蒲纹玉璧
📜 西汉蒲纹玉璧（长沙出土）

✨ 文物核心信息

- 年代：西汉（公元前202年—公元9年）
- 出土地：1993年长沙市望城坡古坟垸1号墓
- 馆藏：长沙简牍博物馆（长沙博物馆展出）
- 材质：和田青玉（局部受沁呈褐、墨色）


🛠️ 工艺顶尖

- 采用双层纹饰布局：内区满布规整的蒲纹（谷纹变体），外区雕刻流畅的龙凤（兽面）卷云纹，分区清晰、线条劲挺。

- 玉璧边缘打磨圆润，钻孔工艺精准，体现汉代治玉“减地阳刻+线刻”的成熟技法。

- 玉料虽有天然沁色，但整体器型规整，抛光细腻，是西汉南方玉作的精品。


🎯 功能明确

- 玉璧是汉代礼玉“六瑞”之首，核心用途为：

1. 祭祀天地的礼器，象征王权与神权；

2. 贵族身份的等级象征，仅高等级墓葬可出土；

3. 丧葬用玉，古人认为玉能“不朽”，用于殓葬护尸、引魂升天。

- 此璧出土于长沙望城坡西汉早期大墓，墓主为汉廷分封的长沙国贵族，印证了玉璧的身份属性。


🏛️ 历史地位

- 是西汉长沙国玉作工艺的实物见证，填补了南方汉代玉器研究的空白。

- 纹饰融合了中原礼制玉璧的规范与楚地浪漫的龙凤纹样，体现了汉代南北文化的融合。

- 为研究西汉长沙国的政治制度、丧葬习俗、手工业水平提供了核心实物资料。

（文中图片拍摄于2026年1月30日）

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  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/e.460.net.cn/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.001000s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=e460;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001721s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000687s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000635s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001403s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000528s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001470s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 510370 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001002s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1776142069 WHERE `id` = 510370 [ RunTime:0.001334s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000608s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 510370 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001034s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 510370 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003738s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 510370 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.005099s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 510370 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.002499s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 510370 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.017041s ]
0.219141s